January 10, 2005
Carley(1997)
Kathleen M. Carley, "Organizational adaption", Annals of Operations Research, Vol.75, pp.25-47, 1997.
適応をoperational levelとstrategic levelに分類している．
In this paper, a computational approach is taken to the
issue of organizational adaptation. Drawing on the various literatures
previously discussed a dual-level model of organizational adaptation is
presented in which the organization can change at both the strategic
and the operational level. At the operational level the organization is
modeled as a collection of adaptive agents, each of whom occupies a
particular organizational position and has the capability of learning
over time as they gain experience with the task they are performing.
Agents are modeled essentially as a Bush and Mosteller (1955)
stochastic learning model with additional limits on attention, memory,
and information processing which effectively bound the agent's
rationality far beyond those in the original stochastic models. At
strategic level, the organization can adapt strategically in response
to changes in its performance by altering its design in a number of
different ways including downsizing, expansion, and re-engineering.
This strategic adaptation is modeled as a simulated annealing process.
Using this computational model a series of virtual experiments will be
done to address the question "what leads to successful adaptation?".
This model has been informed by empirical studies both on individual
learning by humans and on adaptation within human orgnaizations.
Nonetheless, since this model portrays the agents as abstract entities
capable of doing only one task and learning only in a limited fashion
the results can be thought to apply equally to organizations of humans
and non-humans.(pp.27-28)
SOPの説明．
前に読んだときはイマイチわからなかったのでメモ．
Each procedural agent simply follows this standard
operating procedure: report choice A if there are more 1's than 0's in
the pattern it observes, and choice B otherwise. With sufficient
experience, ecperiential agents typically come to resemble procedural
agents. Changes in the organizarional design may alter the number of
pieces of information various agents see for both experiential and
procedural agents.(pp.33)
COT系のmodelの強みの説明．
Computational models, such as this, embody organizational
theory and so can act as hypotheses generators. The results from the
virtual experiment can be thought of as hypotheses. That is, it is
difficult to theorize about complex adaptive processes so we have used
the computational model to generate hypotheses. The organization
scientist can now test these hypotheses with empirical data.
(pp.43)
Posted by ysk5 at January 10, 2005 05:15 PM