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October 20, 2004

Argyris(1976)

Chris Argyris,"Single-Loop and Double-Loop Models in Research on
Decision Making", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.21, No.3,
pp.363-375, 1976.
theory-in-useとespoused theoryの説明．わかりやすい．
theory-in-useは実際の行動を導く理論．
espoused theoryは行動を説明する(支持する)理論．

Argyris and Schon (1974) stated that all human action was
based on theories of action. One can differentiate between esoused of
action and theories-in-use. Espoused theories of action are those that
people report as a basis for actions. Theories-in-use are the theories
of action inferred from how people actually behave (taken from video or
audio tapes, or other instruments that focus on collecting relatively
directly observable behavior). Most individuals studied seem to be able
to detect similar discrepancies in themselves. People observe the
discrepancies manifested by others but they are programmed with
theories-in-use that say, "If you observe others behaving incongruently
with what they espouse, in the name of dffectiveness, concern,
diplomacy, do not tell them."
(pp.367)

ここでempiricalな研究でなく，メカニズムを明らかにする研究が必要になる，と．

It is not easy to conceptualize models of transition from
a single-loop to a double-loop model that do not violate the
requirements of the latter. Moreover, if one is able to design such
processes, the probability of being able to test them empirically is
low.
(pp.369-370)

あとは箇条書きメモ．
1．single-loopはbefore evaluationの活動で，double-loopはafter evaluationの活動である．
2．double-loop learning modelのためには，多元的な価値の許容が必要である．
3．(a)managerに判断能力がない，(b)価値観が共有されていない，(c)多様性がない，ときdouble-loop learningが失敗する．

Posted by ysk5 at October 20, 2004 03:48 PM