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January 21, 2005

Carley(1999)

Kathleen M. Carley, "Learning Within and Among Organizations", Advances in Strategic Management, Vol.16, pp.33-53, 1999.

Carleyのcurriculum vitaeを読んで，発見．
# curriculum vitaeを用意している人は大好きです．
わたしがあなたと違うことを証明するためにメモ．

micro levelとmacro levelがリンクしていると．
だがしかし，問題となるのはそのリンクのしかただ．

An initial basis for such mechanics lies in the underlying
cognitive and network processes. That is, whether or not learning and
evolution occur at the organizational level, it is irrefutably the case
that individual humans do learn, exchange information, and alter their
networks (who talks to, works with, reports to, whom). What changes
should emerge at the organization and population level due to learning,
information diffusion, and network change at the individual level?
Looking at organizations from an individual learning and network
perspective enebles the micro and macro levels to be linked. This
linkage comes about for several reasons. Two are particularly relevant.
First, the dual focus on learning and networks leads to a set of base
principles for reasoning about organizations. Second, since individual
learning is a dynamic process co-occurring for all individuals in a
group, group level phenomena emerge automatically.

このへんの学習間のリンクのしかた，individual learningとstructural learningとの関係について，見解が異なる模様．

One result of synthetic adaptation is that learning can
and does occur at multiple levels --- for example, individual, group
organization, and population or industry. It is particularly useful to
distinguish between individualand structural learning (Carley &
Lee, 1998; Carley & Svoboda, 1996). Individual learning occurs
within the agent. As agents alter their mental models by adding or
dropping either ideas and/or relations among ideas we say that
individual learning has occurred. Such changes may precipitate
structural learning changes in interaction among agents (Carley, 1991;
Kaufer & Carley, 1993). In this way individual learning mediates
structural learning.
(pp.37)

大枠は同意．
ただ，すこし目的意識がその指向性において違うと思う．
僕たちの研究では，テストベッドとしての役割もあるけれども，組織の環境への適応について考える枠組みとして，組織学習によるボトムアップな創発的現象か
らなる適応プロセスのモデルを提示して，その意味でnormativeな視点からアプローチをしていくんだよな，たぶん．

Within organization theory, computational models can be,
and have been, used in a normative (and sometimes a prescriptive)
fashion to generate hypotheses that can then be tested in other
empirical settings. Running a virtual experiment on the model and then
statistically analyzing the result generates hypotheses.(pp.40)

うーんと，こういうつながりがなぜ起こるのかの説明がないのですね，ここが問題なのです．

The basic cognitive-network mechanisms and the learning
processes that cause short term oscillations in interaction and
performance also cause organizations to enter into strategic choice
sets through which they become increasingly differentiated.
(pp.43)

Posted by ysk5 at January 21, 2005 01:13 PM