« Introduction: Computational Organization Theory(COT) and organizational adaptation | Main | 051213演習用ドキュメント »

November 28, 2005

Review: Carley(1995)

ref. Carley, Kathleen M. "Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory: Perspective and Direction "Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 1995 , 1 , pp.39-56.

Methodological orientation

There are two types of methodologies.

1. Computational methodologies: simulation, expert systems, etc.
2. Mathematical methodologies: formal logic, network analysis, etc.

Organization

An organization is defined as collections of processes and agents. Agents are adaptive, intelligent, task oriented, socially situated, technologically bound, continuously changing, normally highly stylized.

Areas of the research

There are mainly four areas.

1. Organizational design
2. Organizational learning
3. Organizations and information technology
4. Organizational evolution and changing

Methodological approaches

For the areas of the research, in COT, we use various methodological approaches.

• General organizational modeling: From "ideal" model to "formal" model. Testing internal consistency of the claims of the various verbal(natural language?) models. Making explorations for many organizational phenomena.
• Distributed artificial intelligence
• Organizational engineering: Merely using them to lead managers to gain important insights into problems within the organization.
• Social networks
• Logic

Organizational design

Organizational design has a impact on organizational performance. However, the right design is situationally specific.

What is "design"

There are many concepts about organizational design, and they are not compatible.

• Formal structure and task decomposition structure
• Degree of hierarchy
• Informal network
• Process of coordination
• Procedures for combining information or making decisions
• Information processing characteristics or cost

Causal factors

The effectiveness of an organizational design is highly contingent. For example, these causal factors can be considered.

• Task
• Environment
• Training organizational members

Organizational representation

For sufficient managerial implecations, we should include at some level of detail a model of the agents, tasks, internal structures, roles, and positions of agents.

Organizational features can be represented as matrices of some relations.

• Among resources or subtasks
• Among people of agents
• Between resource/tasks and people/agents
• Between agents and skills
• Between tasks and skills

Organizational learning

Characterizations of "organizational learning"

• Process change
• Development of rules and procedures
• Holistic result of individual adaptation
• Search
• Planning
• Negotiation

Affects which are tested by researchers

• Convergence of organizational and individual decisions
• Entrepreneurship
• Impact of training on learning and performance
• Impact of learning on group action
• Coorperation among individuals
• Impact o learning and professionalism on diffusion and consensus formation

Ways of modeling learning as a process

• Classical learning theory models
• Detailed artificial intelligence models
• Cognitive models employing one step learning ore chunking
• Connectionist models
• Genetic algorithms

Costs and benefits of shared mental models

There is less sharing of mental models when (1) tasks or information is segregated, (2) agents are working on specialized tasks.

Two major issues to tackle

1. Linking models of individual learning to models of organizational learning: cognitive models with structural and processual models
2. Combining models of diffusion and learning with models of organizational structure

Posted by ysk5 at November 28, 2005 11:43 PM

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